• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    It is a transparent autonomous thermal solar collector panel that allows to convert a photovoltaic installation into a hybrid, (1) for the generation of Sanitary Hot Water (ACS). Made of transparent material that houses a reservoir of suitable geometry inside where water accumulates that when directly affected by the sun's rays heats up. It can be installed on fixed or mobile racks, as well as making ventilated facades, or on the roofs of buildings. There is the option of installing a photovoltaic solar panel on its back or installing it on existing solar panels, allowing the simultaneous generation of ACS and electricity with maximum use of the collection surface. It works with any type of photovoltaic solar panel, regardless of its type and size. It optimally uses thermal energy, since the sun directly heats the water to be used later, reducing heat loss by transfer. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2761907A1
    申请号:ES201831121
    申请日:2018-11-19
    公开日:2020-05-21
    发明作者:Vázquez Juan Franco
    申请人:Franco Vazquez Juan；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] Transparent autonomous solar thermal collector panel that allows to convert into hybrid
    [0003] a photovoltaic installation
    [0005] TECHNICAL SECTOR
    [0007] The present invention refers to an autonomous thermal solar collector panel
    [0008] transparent that allows to convert a photovoltaic installation into a hybrid. The invention
    [0009] falls within the technical sector of thermal solar energy within energies
    [0010] renewable. This invention is also applicable and / or combinable with installations
    [0011] existing photovoltaic, without loss of electricity production.
    [0013] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0015] There are countless systems prepared and designed for capturing thermal solar energy in order to obtain Domestic Hot Water (DHW).
    [0017] Most of these systems base their operating principle on the exchange of the heat obtained. Others, using a coil of pipes, heat the water / liquid that circulates inside them.
    [0019] In all of them it is necessary to overcome the inertia of the material that receives the heat, to later be exchanging with the water. This generates a loss by heat transfer between the elements. Sometimes these types of facilities are not viable due to their high cost and low return on investment.
    [0021] The present invention, unlike all those sought and found, differs in that the investment is low compared to other systems. Most of the existing solar thermal collectors are made using flat metal panels or heavy structures. The difference here is that its weight by density is lower than the conventional ones.
    [0023] Analyzing the different existing databases, similar inventions have been found, but none with the use of the present.
    [0025] The Spanish patent ES2409811B1 - Solar radiation heat collection system using an integrated pipe network, uses energy from the sun to heat a series of integrated pipes on the building's facade. The sun does not directly affect the water, so it is necessary to overcome the inertia of the façade when heating begins. In case of breakage of one of the pipes, it is necessary to carry out work to repair or rectify the fault.
    [0027] Chinese patent CN102208476A - Composite solar cell panel heat absorption device uses the same principle of heating by heat transfer to tubes of Water. The tubes are placed on the back of a photovoltaic plate. The heating of the back of the photovoltaic plate by the incidence of solar rays, heats the water in the tubes. There is therefore a transmission heat loss between the plate and the tubes and between the tubes and the water.
    [0029] Patent EP2538456B1 - Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal solar module, produces by electricity through a photovoltaic plate. Take advantage of the heat that is transmitted to the air from the back of the aforementioned plate to be recirculated. The recirculated air is subsequently used to heat water. It is a case similar to that of the previous patent, with the difference that it uses part of the radiation that passes through the transparent spaces that separate the photovoltaic cells.
    [0031] One of the variants that have been found is the Spanish patent ES2267414B1 -Serpentín Solar Thermal Plate that bases its operation on the heating of the liquid that passes through the interior of a tube coil. The coil is placed in a rectangular structure provided with a transparent panel to create a greenhouse effect. In this case, sunlight does not directly affect the liquid. It is necessary to overcome the inertia of the material of which the tube is made, which supposes a loss of heat by transfer. On the other hand, the collection surface is limited to that formed by the tubes, the entire surface separating said tubes being wasted. Regarding patent ES2294903A1 - Installation for capturing solar energy , it is an invention that allows, by monitoring the path of the sun, the maximum use of the capture of solar energy. It has the disadvantage that it is either installed to generate photovoltaic energy or thermal solar energy. It does not clarify whether both are possible simultaneously, but in any case it would be based on different and not simultaneous collection surfaces.
    [0033] There are some patents dedicated to the protection of solar panels against inclement weather, such as patent ES2401212B1 - Solar panel protector, which is a design of a solar protector for photovoltaic or thermal panels.
    [0035] There is a French patent FR2727790A1 whose invention is that of simultaneously obtaining electrical energy using photovoltaic solar panels. It gets thermal energy by taking advantage of hot air at the back of the photovoltaic panels. In this case, the heat transfer from the panel to the air is used. The air will in turn be used for heating a fluid, or as a heating source.
    [0037] The US patent US4023555 -Solar heating device is an invention for heating water in a collector. The solar rays are concentrated in this collector in a concentrated manner by means of semi-cylinders that reflect the sunlight. The semi-cylinders are moved to ensure that the collector, which is fixed, receives rays at all times with the optimum angle of incidence for its best use.
    [0039] Another localized method of obtaining thermal and photovoltaic solar energy simultaneously is the one described in patent US4149903 - Hybrid solar energy collecting device. Its operating principle is based on obtaining photovoltaic solar energy directly through photovoltaic panels. These plates are fitted with a kind of radiator on the back in the form of an electrically isolated "L". The radiator is inserted into a rectangular duct through which circulates a liquid that is heated by transfer of heat from the "L" of the radiator. In any case it is a use of residual heat generated in the photovoltaic plate.
    [0040] Another way of obtaining thermal and photovoltaic solar energy simultaneously or hybrid is indicated in patent US6057504 -Hybrid solar collector. In it, through a series of mirrors, the separation of solar radiation into short wave and long wave rays is achieved. Later they are concentrated separately in different sensors, thus generating both types of energy. It is based on an apparently complicated structure and possibly with costs not close to economics.
    [0042] By installing a hybrid system on a roof, US6063996 -Solar cell module and hybrid roof panel uses solar cells and air convection to simultaneously obtain electricity and heat. The heat is injected by convection to achieve the heating of a house.
    [0044] By separating the waves of solar radiation, US20040055631A1 - Hybrid Solar Energy Collector generates both hot water and electricity. To do this, it uses a semi-transparent photovoltaic solar panel that uses the shortest wavelengths to generate electricity. The medium and long wavelengths allow them to pass through and affect the thermal collector to heat a fluid. This involves the manufacture of special solar cells. It does not seem that the whole system that allows the separation of waves for one purpose or another is neither simple nor inexpensive.
    [0046] Another version that is similar in concept, but at the same time different due to its capturing capacity and being more similar to conventional ones, is US20080302357A1 - Solar photovoltaic collector hybrid. This is based on putting a series of photovoltaic cells inside a structure, and in the middle some tubes of water or liquid forming a coil. That is, we put a row of cells and to their left and right there is a tube that forms a coil. Through this system, the heat received from the sun in the tube is transferred to the liquid that circulates inside it. There is an energy transfer loss between the tube and the liquid, and the surface of exposure to the sun is limited to the surface of the tube coil.
    [0048] One of the inventions most similar to the present invention is the patent US20090288705A1 - Photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collector that bases its operation on the capture of heat based on solar radiation in a coil of tubes. These can be transparent or colored and are surrounded by a material such as epoxy resin, ABS resin, polycarbonate, etc. The liquid circulating through the tube will then be heated after previously passing through an initial sheet that protects the heating panel. All of these materials have a heating inertia. The difference with the present invention is that solar radiation only passes through a material to radiate the water.
    [0050] Another hybrid solar electricity production and heating system is the one described in patent US20100154866A1 -Hybrid solar power system in which sunlight strikes the tubes through a series of transparent tubes and photovoltaic panels. These are transparent, so the light falls on the photovoltaic plates, simultaneously producing thermal heating and electricity from the sun. The difference with the present invention is that the utilization surface is smaller.
    [0052] US20100282315A1 -Low concentrating photovoltaic thermal solar collector is a hybrid system that uses residual heat from the photovoltaic plate. The residual heat heats the water that circulates through tubes located at the back of the photovoltaic panel. It is a panel formed by reflective V elements that concentrate the light beams on the photovoltaic plate transversely to the V.
    [0053] Under the photovoltaic plate run the tubes that heat the liquid. The panel is made up of several sets of V and therefore several photovoltaic plates. The indicated performance speaks of water temperatures of 200 ° C. The construction of the plate has its complication and its maintenance costs seem high in case of failure.
    [0055] Another version of a hybrid panel for generating thermal and electrical energy is made using different surfaces. This is the US20120024283A1 -Hybrid Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Collector patent . This patent can generate thermal energy through air or fluids, based on small variations in its design. We find a patent similar to the previous US20120167492A1 -Solar Panel Modules Having Structural Properties also based on the production of electricity and thermal energy by combining tubes and photovoltaic cells. In this case the exhibition surface is limited.
    [0057] With a similar philosophy, but changing the coil of tubes for a grid of pipes, we can examine the patent US20160036378A1 -Hybrid photovoltatic and photo-thermal solar panel. In it, this grid is positioned at the rear of the solar panels, taking advantage of the residual heat from them to heat the fluid in the pipes.
    [0059] Another way to obtain thermal energy is through the use of patent ES24966401 - Solar Collector for Heating based on tubes formed by the union of soda cans. The sun strikes the tubes and heats the air that is used to heat, but not related to the present invention.
    [0061] In a similar but not the same way, patent ES2397329A2 - Sanitary Hot Water Cubic Solar Collector is based on heating the air inside a solar cubic collector. At its bottom it has a coil of tubes painted in black. The collector walls are mirrors that reflect the solar rays coming from the outside. In this case, the collector air is heated, which in turn transfers that heat to the tubes in the bottom plate, which implies a transfer heat loss. Analyzing the patent application ES1074731U - Transparent Solar Thermal Collector we see that it is made up of a series of parallelogram-shaped pipes that are joined together by communicating holes. Water circulates entering one end of the panel and leaving the other after circulating through all the tubes of the panel. It is an invention with similar characteristics but very different applications. Despite the fact that the construction materials resist extreme temperatures, the water that circulates inside can freeze. If freezing occurs, the expansion of water could damage the structure.
    [0063] . EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    [0065] The transparent autonomous thermal solar panel collector that allows a photovoltaic installation to become hybrid , allows the thermal solar energy to be captured for the production of DHW (Sanitary Hot Water) or any type of water heating. It is a panel with a totally transparent structure that contains a prismatic tank inside that forms a sheet of water. The material can be methacrylate, polycarbonate or any transparent material that does not alter the passage of solar radiation. This sheet is heated statically, making it possible to use it dynamically. The invention provides direct heating by solar radiation of a sheet of water. This sheet is heated statically or dynamically.
    [0066] In static operation, each time the water reaches the desired differential temperature it will be forced, by means of a sufficient pumping system, to circulate it to an external tank. To pump the water, the panel is equipped with two supply and return holes. These holes will be conveniently placed to ensure pumping disturbances. The existence of disturbances guarantees a correct flow of water and a correct exchange of heat.
    [0068] The operation of the invention is very simple. The sun directly affects the sheet of water formed by the prismatic deposit and heats it. When the water reaches the preset temperature it is pumped into an external tank. Cold water can be injected into the panel for heating, or the water can be recirculated from an external tank. Thus we obtain DHW for direct use, heating or other uses.
    [0070] To know the temperature of the water inside the panel tank, a temperature probe will be installed inside. The panel in normal conditions will be mounted outdoors. The minimum temperatures that can be reached are below the freezing point of water. In case of reaching these temperatures, frozen water could break the panel when it expands by freezing. The installation of the panel in its various applications will be from vertical to tilted. To prevent a drop in temperatures from freezing the water inside the panel and breaking it, an electrovalve will be installed to allow it to be emptied by gravity.
    [0072] If the panel is going to be used autonomously (only for DHW, heating or other heating), it is advisable to paint the external rear part of the tank in a dark color (preferably black) for greater heat absorption. Alternatively, a reflective panel can be installed to improve the use of solar radiation by reflection.
    [0074] The water used for the panel in the case of ACS is normal water from the public supply. With this we eliminate contamination problems, arising from the use of liquids for heat exchange in case of breaks or leaks.
    [0076] The materials with which the transparent panel can be manufactured are valid for the transport of water for human consumption. Therefore, there are no problems due to the type of public water used, regardless of its quality.
    [0078] The advantage over other traditional solar thermal collectors is the lower weight of it. The density of the usable materials (methacrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene, etc.) varies between 1.20g / cm3 of polycarbonate to 1.04 g / cm3 of polystyrene. Steel has a density of 7.85 g / cm3 and aluminum has a density of 2.7 g / cm3.
    [0080] In the worst case for the panel, which would be a polycarbonate panel (the densest) compared to an aluminum panel (the least dense), the weight would be 44% less. An adjustment should be made for thickness, but it will always be favorable to the transparent panel.
    [0082] Economically, a conventional thermal collector panel is around € 400 cost without installation, a polycarbonate panel of the same measurements can cost € 350, also without installation.
    [0084] The maintenance of a methacrylate or polycarbonate panel is practically nil. The maintenance of connectors, fittings, gaskets, support structures, cleaning, etc. is common to both panels.
    [0086] The structure to support the transparent panel may be lighter, due to its density, than that of the traditional panel.
    [0088] One of the advantages of this panel is that the range of use temperatures is -70 ° C to 130 ° C, temperatures that are far from the extremes of work.
    [0089] The return on investment for its manufacturing cost, and the maintenance cost, is therefore greater than that of a conventional installation of solar collectors, and variable depending on its size.
    [0091] We can use the panel to create a hybrid installation taking advantage of an existing photovoltaic solar installation. In this case the panel will be built with a shape and size that fits perfectly on top of the existing photovoltaic solar panel. The sun will strike the photovoltaic plate after passing through the water and will produce photovoltaic solar energy. The water and the photovoltaic solar panel are separated by the rear wall of the prismatic tank that forms the panel. In this case, the back of the panel is not painted so that the solar radiation falls on the photovoltaic solar panel. The rays reflected in the photovoltaic solar panel, improve the use of solar radiation in the water.
    [0092] This hybrid solution provides a series of advantages and solutions, such as:
    [0094] 1. By coupling the panel on the photovoltaic plates, at the same point solar energy is used for thermal capture and generation of photovoltaic electricity.
    [0095] 2. The surface necessary to install the thermal energy collection is the same as for the generation of photovoltaic electricity, therefore it is halved.
    [0096] 3. The anchors and supports of the photovoltaic structure are used, reducing the investment and the waste generated.
    [0097] 4. Visually it is a cleaner facility.
    [0098] 5. The increase in temperature in photovoltaic cells results in a decrease in their efficiency of up to 15% over peak power. The collector panel in front of the cells provides cooling that improves electricity production.
    [0099] 6. The transparent materials used for its manufacture have a high resistance, not only to the weather, but also to shocks. In this way, the photovoltaic panels are protected against knocks and impacts on them.
    [0100] 7. ACS and photovoltaic energy are produced simultaneously. This energy can be used for pumping systems that are only necessary when there is solar activity. This generates greater savings in the generation of ACS.
    [0101] 8. The type of photovoltaic solar panel on which the invention is installed is irrelevant.
    [0102] The materials for the manufacture of the panel, as well as the water, do not affect the radiation that hits the plate. Any type of photovoltaic solar panel, that is, with mono or polycrystalline silicon, thin layer panels, amorphous, CdTe, CIS and CIGS, etc., is valid.
    [0103] 9. The size of the photovoltaic solar panel can be variable, since the panel can be made to measure for installation on it.
    [0105] Another application of the invention may be its installation as a ventilated façade in buildings. It can be mounted both autonomously and hybrid. In this way, not only ACS and / or electricity is generated, but also the facade is cooled. This brings a level of insulation to the building. This isolation is will see reflected in the dimensioning of the air conditioning systems, producing savings. Materials can be colored in their manufacture. By coloring the structural part, a visually pleasing decoration effect can be achieved. In this case the design must undergo slight variations to be mounted as a ventilated façade. It will be fitted with quick insert connectors on its back. Some electrical connectors for the use case of photovoltaic panels. For the circulation of water they must be pneumatic connectors or the like. These will allow both its extraction and insertion quickly. This will favor not only installation work, but also subsequent maintenance.
    [0107] The performance in this case depends on the orientation of the facade. A previous study of the orientation will be necessary to study its viability.
    [0109] The same design made for the ventilated façade can be used for installation on a gable roof. Modifications made to the design for ventilated façade are valid for sloping roofs.
    [0111] For the study of panel performance, a prototype made of transparent methacrylate has been manufactured, which we are going to describe. It has been equipped with two axes of rotation for better monitoring of the solar path. A temperature probe has been installed inside the panel's prismatic tank. The panel dimensions are 230 mm x 150 mm x 20 mm, containing a 180 mm x 120 mm x 10 mm prismatic tank inside, which produces a volume of water of 360 cm3 inside. A dry sensor has been attached to one of its sides that directly receives solar radiation and gives us a temperature measurement to the sun. The panel has been connected to a 4,200 cm3 water accumulation tank. A temperature probe with the same characteristics as the panel tank has been installed inside the accumulation tank. The water in the discharge and return pipes occupies a volume of 1,200 cm3. We therefore have a total volume of water of 5,760 cm3. This implies that the volume of water in the prismatic tank, compared to the total volume of liquid, represents 6.25%. The panel has a 9V monocrystalline type photovoltaic plate attached to its back to generate photovoltaic energy.
    [0113] A 9V drive pump with nominal voltage and a capacity of 300 liters / hour has been installed in the accumulation tank. The pump is powered by electricity generated by the photovoltaic plate. This is because pumping is only required when there is solar activity. The electrical supply is therefore always guaranteed. Solar monitoring has been carried out using sensors placed on the axial axes of the panel. The information from these sensors is used to move the motors associated with the axles. The movement has been calculated so that the panel is as long as possible perpendicular to the sun. The control of the start-up of the impulsion pump has been made on the basis of temperature differences. When the water temperature in the panel tank exceeds 3 ° C to that of the accumulation tank, the pump starts. When this temperature difference is less than 2 ° C, the pump stops.
    [0115] The graph in Fig. 15 represents the full-day heating curve obtained from the prototype made with the described values and characteristics.
    [0117] The left column represents the temperature values in ° C in a range from 15 to 70. The right column represents the voltage values in Volts in a range from 0 to 12.5. Hourly values are represented on the horizontal axis. In this specific case, those corresponding to August 20, 2018.
    [0118] The temperature value measured in the probe located in the panel tank is represented in blue. The temperature value measured by the probe installed in the accumulation tank is represented in orange. The temperature value of the sun measured by the dry sensor installed on one side of the panel is represented in black. The measured voltage value on the photovoltaic panel is represented in green.
    [0120] We can therefore observe that the maximum temperature obtained in the plate tank is 66.92 ° C. At that point the temperature of the accumulation tank reaches a temperature of 62.16 ° C and the temperature measured by the dry sensor of the sun reflects a value of 44.73 ° C which is not the maximum value reached. The maximum value measured in the dry sun sensor is 47.55 ° C.
    [0122] Regarding the tension obtained in the plate, we see that its maximum occurs first thing in the morning. The value decreases in minimum values with the evolution of the movement of the sun until it reaches a point where it stabilizes. From that point on, the temperature in the panel tank continues to rise. The obtained voltage value is practically not reduced, mainly due to the cooling effect that the panel produces with the water on the photovoltaic plate.
    [0124] Since the object of study is the invention, the cooling curve of the tank water can have a very exaggerated slope. It is possible that this may be due to the poor insulation of the accumulation tank, which is not the object of the present invention.
    [0126] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0128] To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is included as an integral part of said description where, by way of illustration and not limitation, what has been represented following:
    [0130] Fig. 1 - Shows a perspective view of the device of the invention.
    [0131] Fig. 2 - Shows a perspective view of the device of the invention with a photovoltaic plate attached on its back.
    [0132] Fig. 3 - Shows a perspective view of the device of the invention with a photovoltaic plate attached on its back, made using a single piece.
    [0133] Fig. 4 - Shows a plan view, elevation and profile of the device of the invention. Fig. 5 - Shows a view of the device of the invention installed in a possible fixed structure.
    [0134] Fig. 6 - Shows a possible design of the device of the invention coupled in a mobile structure with two axes of movement.
    [0135] Fig. 7 - Shows the possible 180 ° movement of the sun tracking device the invention.
    [0136] Fig. 8 - Shows a possible design structure of the water circulation system for the device of the invention in the case of being coupled to a mobile structure. Fig. 9 - Shows a possible design structure of the water circulation system for the device of the invention in the case of being coupled to a fixed structure. Fig. 10 - Shows a possible example of a ventilated facade formed by a set of plates of the device of the invention.
    [0137] Fig. 11 - Shows an example of a design seen in profile of the device of the invention prepared for installation on a ventilated façade with a photovoltaic panel on its back.
    [0138] Fig. 12 - Shows a possible water circulation scheme in the case of installing the device of the invention on a ventilated façade.
    [0139] Fig. 13 - Shows a possible water circulation scheme in the case of installing the device of the invention in perspective on a ventilated façade.
    [0140] Fig. 14 - Shows the possible example of installing the device of the invention on the roof of a house, the device containing a photovoltaic panel on its back.
    [0141] Fig. 15 - Graph of measurements obtained from a prototype manufactured with a panel.
    [0143] PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    [0145] The design of the panel can be carried out by means of several layers (Fig. 2), or manufactured in a single piece (Fig. 1) of transparent material. This material should not affect the passage to the passage of solar radiation.
    [0147] If it is made using several layers, we manufacture three plates of the same size, all made of transparent material. One of the plates is emptied inside with the measurements of the desired tank. The size of the inner tank will be calculated based on the volume of water to be heated. Now we shape the structure by placing in between two of the plates, the plate with the internal drain thus forming a deposit. If the panel is made in one piece, the size of the tank that will house it must be calculated in the same way. One of the possible ways of manufacturing in one piece is to cast a resin from the material. Using a wax core, which will be the size of the prismatic deposit, cast a resin that cures. Once the resin has cured, the wax is melted with heat, finishing the construction of the panel.
    [0149] In the resulting tank in both cases two holes will be made to allow water circulation. A hole for the drive (3) and another for the return (4). A temperature probe (13) will be installed inside the tank.
    [0151] The installation of the probe should be carried out so that it is easy to remove for maintenance. Through the probe we will know the temperature of the panel tank. By temperature difference between the panel water and the water in a accumulation tank we will know when to pump the water.
    [0153] If we want to install only a thermal sensor, it is convenient to darken the back of the panel. A dark reflective material can be painted or installed. If it is a question of converting an existing installation to a hybrid or making a new one, we will design the panel according to the size of the installed photovoltaic panel.
    [0155] In Fig. 4 we can see two holes, one for delivery (3) and the other for return (4) of the water, connected to a prismatic tank (5). By means of an adequate impulsion system, the water will circulate in order to generate DHW. Let's see the effect of placing a photovoltaic solar panel (6) on the back of the panel. Solar radiation will pass through the tank of the panel (5), heating the water inside. Then it will affect the photovoltaic plate (6) producing electrical energy.
    [0157] For a better use of solar radiation, if the panel is installed in a fixed structure, it must be oriented at noon. If the installation is carried out on a mobile structure, the panel must be perpendicular to the sun's rays as long as possible.
    [0159] There are variants of use of the invention. One of them is its installation on building facades Fig. 10 as a ventilated façade (17). In this case, it is necessary to adapt the design of the invention. It must be modified for insertion and extraction automatically. The goal is to provide quick and efficient installation and maintenance. In Fig. 11, we can see how quick insert connectors (18) for water, tires or similar are installed. They will be jointly installed on the back of the panel. In a similar way it will be done with the electrical connectors (19). In the water recirculation pipes between the plates and the tank, quick-insert T-connectors (20), pneumatic or similar, will be installed. Likewise, electrical contact connectors (21) will be installed that allow the rapid insertion of the panel. Additionally, rods (22) will be installed in the back of the panel. The rods will guide the movement of both insertion and removal of the panel during installation and subsequent maintenance. The adaptation allows easy maintenance tasks on the ventilated façade.
    [0161] A possible example of a ventilated façade installation can be seen in Fig. 12. In it you can see how the water driven (23) by a motor (24) reaches the façade through pipes to the place where the panels are installed. It is at this point that T-connectors (25) are installed. There is another hot water return pipe from the panel, which in turn has installed T-connectors (25). These allow a quick installation of the panel on the facade.
    [0163] In Fig. 13 we can see the same graph as in Fig. 12 but in perspective to appreciate the shape and placement of the mentioned T-connectors (25). The use of the invention for ventilated facades also provides cooling thereof. A significant amount of energy is absorbed by the body of water and the photovoltaic plate.
    [0165] The existence of a sensor (14) that measures the sun's temperature or the ambient temperature, allows us to know extreme temperature drops. Thus we can prevent damage to the installation caused by the expansion of the water if it freezes. For this, when temperatures that indicate possible freezing of water are detected, preventive measures can be taken. It can, among other measures, drain the water from the circuits, inject salt, etc.
    [0166] One of the contributions of the invention is the added protection that the photovoltaic panel receives against knocks and impacts. The fact of having the collector panel in front generates protection without undermining in any case the production of electricity. One can even speak of an improvement by cooling and refraction of solar radiation.
    [0167] Another of the variants is that of installing the panels as a roof structure as can be seen in Fig. 14. All the details of operation, anchorage, and characteristics explained for the case of the ventilated façade are fully applicable for this variant.
    [0168] In the case of ventilated facades and roofs, as regards ornamentation, different colored materials can be used in the parts that do not form the tank structure but rather the panel structure.
    [0169] When the panel is to be installed in areas of high and frequent wind that can cool the exterior surface of the panel, an additional plate of the same material can be installed on the front side, sealed and with internal partitions.
    [0170] If the new space enters the new plate and the collector panel is subjected to vacuum, the influence of the wind and the cold outside will be considerably reduced. In this case, it would be convenient to analyze the additional cost, compared to the improvement in panel performance to see if it justifies a correct return on investment.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    1. Transparent autonomous solar thermal collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into a hybrid, (1) made of transparent material such as methacrylate, polycarbonate, epoxy resin, or other transparent material whose composition does not affect the passage of solar radiation that allows operation of the same. Made in a single piece (1) or through the coupling of several pieces (2), which houses inside a reservoir of suitable geometry that will contain water for the generation of Sanitary Hot Water (DHW), which will be obtained by incidence of solar radiation in the water contained in it and also formed by the following elements:
    • a temperature probe (13) to measure the temperature of the water contained inside the tank of suitable panel geometry,
    • a temperature sensor (14) to measure the temperature of the sun that falls on the panel.
    • a water supply connector (or more) connected to the interior of the reservoir of suitable geometry (3) through which the water coming from the accumulation reservoir (12) will enter.
    • a water return (or more) connector connected to the inside of the reservoir of suitable geometry (4) through which the water will return to the accumulation tank (12)
    [2]
    2. Transparent autonomous solar thermal collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into a hybrid, (1) according to claim 1, to which a photovoltaic solar panel (6) can be coupled on its back, which will allow, by means of the same solar collection surface , the simultaneous generation of ACS and photovoltaic solar energy without loss or influence of any of the two energy generations on the other.
    [3]
    3. Transparent autonomous solar thermal collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into a hybrid, (1) according to claim 1, which can be installed on an existing photovoltaic solar panel installation without diminishing the generation of electrical energy, and even helping the cooling of existing plates.
    [4]
    4. Transparent autonomous thermal solar collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into hybrid, (1) according to claims 1 and 2, which can be installed on a ventilated façade of a building, through the use of pneumatic quick-insert connectors (18) for water and / or electrical connectors (19) that will allow for simple installation and simple, quick and safe maintenance afterwards.
    [5]
    5. Transparent autonomous thermal solar collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into hybrid, (1) according to claims 1 and 2, which can be installed on a gabled roof (26) or a building plan, by using pneumatic quick insert connectors (18) for water and / or electrical connectors (19) that will allow for simple installation and simple, quick and safe maintenance afterwards.
    [6]
    6. Transparent autonomous thermal solar collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into hybrid, (1) according to claims 2 and 3, which provides mechanical protection against impacts in the case of being installed with a photovoltaic solar panel on its back (6) or be installed on an existing photovoltaic structure.
    [7]
    7. Transparent autonomous thermal solar collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into a hybrid, (1) according to claims 2 and 3, which allows improving the cooling of the photovoltaic solar panels installed on the back or on which they are installed, increasing efficiency from the same.
    [8]
    8. Transparent autonomous solar thermal collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into a hybrid, (1) according to claims 2 and 3, which allows the photovoltaic solar panels installed on its back or on which they are installed to be of any existing type with mono or polycrystalline silicon, thin layer panels, amorphous, CdTe, CIS and CIGS, etc. without affecting its operation at all.
    [9]
    9. Transparent autonomous thermal solar collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into hybrid, (1) according to claims 1,2 and 3, which can be made of any transparent material that does not impede the passage of solar radiation or any radiation that The invention works, both for heating the water contained in the tank of the desired geometry, and for the case of coupling of a photovoltaic solar panel on its back.
    [10]
    10. Transparent autonomous solar thermal collector panel that allows to convert into hybrid a photovoltaic installation, (1) according to claims 1 and 2, which can be installed in a fixed structure (7) facing solar noon or in a mobile structure that can be positioned by motors (10) with one (8) or two rotation axes (9) that allow the improvement of solar energy collection, to more axes better collection, controlling the movement by means of sensors that follow the movement of the sun or some software application that positions the structure in its correct position of latitude and length according to daily solar movement.
    [11]
    eleven. Transparent autonomous thermal solar collector panel that makes it possible to convert a photovoltaic installation into a hybrid, (1) according to claims 1 and 2, to which a transparent structure can be attached at its front in areas of high and frequent wind. This structure may have interior partitions of the same material that allow vacuum to be practiced inside and insulate the panel from the wind and cold outside.
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    同族专利:
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    ES2761907B2|2021-06-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US20090065046A1|2007-09-12|2009-03-12|Denault Roger|Solar photovoltaic module to solar collector hybrid retrofit|
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    US20140182658A1|2011-05-06|2014-07-03|Alpha Solar Pte Ltd|Solar energy converter|
    CN203518276U|2013-09-24|2014-04-02|昆明理工大学|Solar and wind power generation water heating device|
    US20170133974A1|2015-08-18|2017-05-11|Saphire Solar Technologies Aps|All-in-one integrated multifunctional triple power module|
    US20170257061A1|2016-03-01|2017-09-07|International Business Machines Corporation|User-Preference Driven Control Of Electrical And Thermal Output From A Photonic Energy Device|
    法律状态:
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